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Source record CMC Political Work Department · 2026-09-01

Viewing the "Intelligent Counselor" Through the Lens of Ancient Military Advisors — On the Human-Machine Boundary in Intelligentized Warfare (智能化战争)

从古代军师看“智能谋士”——兼谈智能化战争中的人机边界

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DeskChina Desk
Publishing institutionCMC Political Work Department
Source outletPLA Daily (解放军报) (pla_daily)
Source languagezh-Hans — an attribute of the source, not of this record
Source-stated publication date2026-09-01
Original URLhttp://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16482644.html
Collected at2026-09-01 16:55:13 — collection metadata, not a publication time
Content fingerprint5a06f8606c17aa78dae77d65f262a65cd5d3b59a17bb40c2d960632d683dd3fc — taken when the record was captured, over the stored original title and text
Collection run127
Analysis modelclaude-sonnet-4-6
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从古代军师看“智能谋士” ——兼谈智能化战争中的人机边界 ■高思思 陈 建 ●厘清智能化战争人机边界,本质是坚守“战争是政治的继续”和“人是战争胜负决定因素”的马克思主义战争观。借鉴古代军师制度“谋断分离、权责明晰”的历史智慧,精准定位人工智能的“智能谋士”角色,核心在于确保无论技术如何迭代,战争的指挥棒、决断权始终牢牢掌握在更加可靠、敢于担当的“人”手中。 人工智能技术的迅猛发展,正深刻重塑智能化战争的指挥决策、情报侦察、后装保障、训练演训等全领域,驱动战争形态加速演进。在此进程中,亟需廓清思想迷雾,警惕两种错误倾向:一是“技术决定论”,过度神化智能系统效能,模糊战争主体边界;二是“工具机械论”,忽视人工智能对战争体系的革命性重塑。二者皆未触及人机协同的本质内核。回望中国军事智慧宝库,古代军师制度历经千年战争实践锤炼,形成了一套成熟稳定的“谋断分离、权责明晰”运行逻辑。创造性转化这一传统兵学精髓,厘清人与机在智能化战争中定位与权责,既是赓续传统智慧的历史必然,更是确保未来战争主导权的时代要求。 谋断分离、权责明晰 ——军师制度的逻辑内核 军师作为中国古代军事体系中的核心参谋职官,其制度自先秦发轫,汉魏定型,虽称谓更迭,其“辅谋不主断”的权责逻辑贯穿战争史始终。无论层级高低,军师群体均恪守三条不可逾越的铁律,奠定了“主帅决断、军师辅谋”的稳定格局: 献策不决策,谋权不越权。军师的核心职能在于运筹帷幄、研判大势、提供多维度作战方案。其核心产出是供主帅决策的参考依据,而非最终命令。从诸葛亮《隆中对》擘画天下三分的战略宏图,到郭嘉“十胜十败论”精析官渡战局,顶级军师的价值在于拓展决策视野、厘清胜败关键,最终的方案抉择与作战决心,始终牢牢掌握于主帅之手。谋与断界限分明,是军师制度运行的基石。 谏言不代权,补位不越位。军师负有匡正补阙之责,可在主帅思虑欠周时直陈谏言,甚至据理力争,但绝不僭越指挥权,严禁绕过主帅直接调动部队、下达作战指令。其权责止步于“谋”与“谏”,形成“言者尽其谋、断者负其责”的严密对应关系,既保障了参谋机构的专业话语权,更确保了指挥体系的集中统一和高效运转。 辅胜不主功,佐治不主治。战争胜败的最终责任,由主帅全权承担;军师仅对谋划失当承担相应责任。战功首归于主帅统御有方,军师之功在于辅助有成。权责对等的铁律,从根本上框定了军师始终处于辅佐、从属的角色定位,绝无可能成为战争的主导主体。 角色同构、逻辑同源 ——能参善谋的智能谋士 审视人工智能在智能化战争中的功能属性与权责逻辑,其本质是依托算力优势的“智能谋士”,其运行规律与传统军师高度契合,核心体现为“谋而不决、谏而不代、胜而不主”: 指挥决策域的“运筹谋士”——对应军师战略战役谋划之责。人工智能可基于海量战例、条令法规与实时战场数据,快速生成多套作战预案,并通过高精度仿真推演进行量化评估与排序,为指挥员构建完善的决策参考体系。其核心价值在于提升谋划效率、拓展决策维度,本质仍是“献策”而非“定策”,与军师“谋而不决”的定位一致。 情报侦察域的“析情谋士”——对应军师汇总研判敌情之责。人工智能可秒级处理卫星、雷达、传感器等多源异构感知数据,自动完成目标识别、威胁评估、动向预测,极大压缩“情报—决策”周期。但其输出仅为态势认知的基础素材,最终的情报价值判定、威胁等级确认及运用策略制定,必须结合政治、外交、战略意图等复杂非量化因素,由指挥员综合研判决断。 后装保障域的“筹算谋士”——对应军师统筹调度军需之责。人工智能可精准预测不同作战样式物资消耗,动态优化保障链路,智能调配运力资源与库存布局,实现精准、高效、敏捷的保障响应。然而,涉及战略物资调拨方向、重大保障优先级调整、核心装备应急调度等核心决断权,必须由指挥员最终拍板,算法无权自主变更保障体系的核心规则与战略资源配置格局。 训练演训域的“治训谋士”——对应军师整军经武、推演战法之责。人工智能可构设极限复杂战场环境,模拟强敌多元战法,深度挖掘演训数据价值,辅助优化训练方案与战术动作。但训练目标的战略指向、演训考核的核心标准、实战化水平的最终评定,其制定权与主导权始终属于指挥员,人工智能是提升训练质效的赋能工具而非替代主体。 以智赋能、以人驭智 ——人机协同的实践路径 汲取古代军师制度的权责精髓,推进智能化军事建设行稳致远,关键在于既要充分释放人工智能的“算力”优势,更要牢牢坚守“人为主导”的根本原则,确保人在战争中的主体地位和终极责任: 铸牢“人在回路”铁律,坚守权责底线。对标古代“军师不掌兵”的刚性规则,必须将智能化战争各领域的核心决策权、最终行动权、武力使用权无条件掌握在人类指挥员手中。在作战指挥、情报判定、保障调度、训练考核等核心环节,特别是涉及重大行动、关键资源调配、杀伤链闭合等致命性节点,必须设置不可逾越的人工确认环节与紧急接管机制。从制度设计和技术架构双重维度,严防算法脱离有效监督自主运行核心事务,确保人机权责边界清晰、运行有序。 构建分级分类授权体系,精准释放智能效能。参照古代不同层级军师差异化授权逻辑,依据智能化战争的战略、战役、战术不同层级,以及指挥控制、情报处理、火力协同、综合保障等不同领域属性,科学划定人工智能的自主运行权限。战略层面严格限定为方案生成、风险推演、趋势研判,全程由高级指挥员主导;战役层面可适度授予方案局部优化、数据交叉验证、保障路径规划等事务性权限,关键节点则由指挥员把控;战术与技术层面可有序放开海量数据计算、实时态势推送、武器平台参数解算等重复性、高精度作业的自主运行,使人类指战员从繁复操作中解放出来,聚焦于更高层级的态势理解、意图判断、临机决断与责任担当,实现“管住核心、放活末端”。 强化“驭智胜战”能力转型,巩固人的主体地位。对标古代主帅“定意图、选良策、负全责”的核心职责,智能化时代军事人员的核心能力亟需从“亲力亲为操作者”向“智能驾驭者”和“战争责任主体”转型。要着力培育和提升战略判断力,能在复杂信息迷雾中洞察本质、把握全局;方案甄别力,能在算法生成的众多选项中进行价值排序与风险评估;临机决断力,能在瞬息万变的战场态势下敢于拍板、勇于负责;人机协同素养,能精通智能工具特性,善用其长而避其短,在高效协同中始终保持独立思考和最终决策能力。唯有如此,才能真正成为智能化战争不可替代的“战争大脑”与“责任主体”。

Summary

Machine summary

Writing in what appears to be a PLA academic or political-work outlet, Gao Sisi and Chen Jian argue that AI should be institutionally positioned as an 'intelligent counselor (智能谋士)' — an advisory function that generates plans and assessments but never holds decision authority — drawing an explicit structural analogy to the ancient military advisor (军师) principle of 'separating counsel from decision (谋断分离).' The article prescribes tiered authorization by echelon: AI restricted to plan generation and trend assessment at the strategic level, with progressively more autonomous operation permitted only at the tactical-technical level for repetitive computational tasks. The framing points to an active doctrinal debate within the PLA over where to draw the human-machine boundary in command systems, and the explicit warnings against both 'technological determinism (技术决定论)' and 'instrumentalist mechanism (工具机械论)' document the institutional pressure to settle that boundary before it is tested operationally.

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Source text. CMC Political Work Department. "从古代军师看“智能谋士”——兼谈智能化战争中的人机边界." PLA Daily (解放军报), 2026-09-01. http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16482644.html.

As held. Indo-Pacific Record, China Desk Corpus, Record 3734, Snapshot — 2026-09-01 (3,762 records).

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