Source record CMC Political Work Department · 2026-08-23

军人健康丨准确识别膝关节发出的信号

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Desk	China Desk
Publishing institution	CMC Political Work Department
Source outlet	PLA Daily (解放军报) (pla_daily)
Source language	zh-Hans — an attribute of the source, not of this record
Source-stated publication date	2026-08-23
Original URL	http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16480818.html
Collected at	2026-08-23 01:47:57 — collection metadata, not a publication time
Content fingerprint	18179ea8234adb94f65234109de96afa701e175348083fc8255d4b64dd1c13d4 — taken when the record was captured, over the stored original title and text
Collection run	118

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准确识别膝关节发出的信号 ■王文娟李春宝茅文宽绘膝关节是人体重要的承重关节，承载体重的同时还要缓冲来自地面的冲击力。关节软骨和半月板是这套缓冲系统的关键部件。这套系统受损时，不会突然罢工，而是会先发出一些细微信号。准确识别其发出的异常信号，对早期干预、避免不可逆损伤至关重要。信号一：关节弹响与摩擦感。有的战友活动时，膝关节会出现“嘎嘣”声或沙砾样摩擦音。若响声清脆且不伴疼痛症状，多属正常生理现象；若伴粗糙摩擦感，常提示髌股关节软骨软化或退行性改变；若伴剧痛及卡顿感，应高度怀疑半月板撕裂。信号二：负重位疼痛（上下楼梯痛）。平地行走尚可，但上下楼梯、下蹲时膝前区疼痛显著。这个症状高度指向髌股关节综合征——上下楼时髌股关节承受应力可达体重的3~5倍，肌力不足或髌骨活动轨迹异常时，软骨面会产生异常高压摩擦，从而引发剧烈疼痛。信号三：关节绞锁。行走时膝关节突然“卡住”，无法完全伸直或屈曲，改变体位后方可解锁。此为半月板损伤或关节内存在游离体的典型表现，撕裂碎片嵌顿于关节间隙，形成机械性障碍，建议尽早就诊。信号四：失稳感（打软腿）。行走时膝部突发不可控的屈曲，感觉无法支撑体重。这一症状常提示前交叉韧带损伤或陈旧性断裂。韧带受损后本体感觉减退，神经肌肉控制延迟，导致动态失稳。信号五：肿胀与皮肤温度升高。急性肿胀（伤后2小时内）多提示关节内出血，常见于韧带撕裂、骨折；慢性活动后肿胀伴皮肤温度升高，常提示滑膜炎或骨关节炎急性发作，说明炎症反应活跃。信号六：夜间静息痛伴晨起僵硬。晨僵少于30分钟多符合骨关节炎症状；晨僵多于60分钟且多关节对称性肿痛，需考虑类风湿关节炎等炎性关节病可能。当收到膝盖发出的异常信号时，有的战友可能会担心。其实不用慌张，不同的信号应对方法不同，分情况处理即可。如果只有轻微信号、没有明显疼痛和活动受限，要注意休息、降低运动量、减少膝盖负重，大多可自行缓解；如果信号明显，伴随疼痛、肿胀症状，影响正常活动，应及时去医院骨科或运动医学科就诊，通过X线、磁共振等检查明确病因，并进行针对性治疗。膝关节的损伤与以下3个危险因素有关。①体重负荷。随着BMI增加，膝关节负荷也会增加。②股四头肌肌力不足。肌肉是关节的动态稳定器，肌力下降将加速软骨与韧带损伤。③运动负荷突增。突然进行高强度训练，较规律运动更易诱发急性损伤。膝关节损伤多呈渐进过程，早期识别征象、结合合理肌力训练与体重管理，可有效阻断“损伤—代偿—再损伤”的恶性循环。若症状持续，建议及时接受专业评估。科学的主动干预，有助于预防膝关节损伤。战友们在日常生活中可注意以下几点：训练前充分热身，尤其在低温环境下要注意动态拉伸，改善软组织延展性；运动时选择合理装备，如选择具有良好缓冲性能、大小合适的鞋子；平时重视肌力训练，推荐靠墙静蹲——背靠墙壁，缓慢下蹲至膝屈约90°（膝盖不超过脚尖），每日做3组，直至肌肉酸胀，可有效增强股四头肌与臀肌力量。

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Source text. CMC Political Work Department. "军人健康丨准确识别膝关节发出的信号." PLA Daily (解放军报), 2026-08-23. http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16480818.html.

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