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Source record CMC Political Work Department · 2026-05-07

The Art of Shaping Conditions at the Battle of Changping: Plan Before Acting, Shape the Situation to Break the Deadlock

长平之战的谋势之道:谋定而后动 塑势以破局

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DeskChina Desk
Publishing institutionCMC Political Work Department
Source outletPLA Daily (解放军报) (pla_daily)
Source languagezh-Hans — an attribute of the source, not of this record
Source-stated publication date2026-05-07
Original URLhttp://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16459108.html
Collected at2026-05-08 01:31:19 — collection metadata, not a publication time
Content fingerprint6af7ff076ef8fe6392fc7cfb25444e0699d8ddd5ca839cf9563668050a718f51 — taken when the record was captured, over the stored original title and text
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谋定而后动 塑势以破局 ——长平之战的谋势之道 ■车东伟 杨 斐 公元前260年的长平之战,秦赵两国倾国相争,百万大军云集长平(今山西高平)附近。秦以武安君白起为帅,赵初以廉颇统军,后改赵括为将。作为中国古代战争史上规模空前的战略决战和围歼典范,长平之战历时三年,终以赵军惨败、四十余万众被坑杀告终。此战重创赵国,为秦统一六国奠定基石,深刻改变了战国后期历史走向。 谋定而后动,塑势以破局,是战争僵持阶段克敌制胜的关键法则。长平之战,秦军面对赵军依托地利筑垒固守、自身补给线漫长的困境,通过高明的战略欺骗与灵活的战术机动,将被动相持转化为压倒性优势,最终达成战略决胜。长平之战所展现的示形惑敌、战术诱敌、分割围敌、断链瘫敌等智慧,对打赢信息化智能化战争仍具有启示意义。 示形惑敌:攻心夺志,瓦解敌指挥意志。长平之战初期,廉颇依托坚壁深沟与秦军相持。秦强攻难下,遂行反间之计。利用赵王对廉颇持久防御的不满与速胜渴望,秦遣间谍携重金入赵,散布“秦军唯惧赵括,廉颇易与且将降”的谣言。赵王中计,临阵易帅,以空谈兵法的赵括替代老成持重的廉颇。此举不仅摧毁了赵军稳定的指挥核心,更诱使赵军放弃稳固防御,转取冒进攻势,为秦军设伏创造了绝佳条件。 信息化智能化战争条件下,隐真示假、认知攻心在信息域、认知域作用空前凸显。须综合运用网络媒体、舆论造势、心理渗透、情报欺骗等手段,全域全维开展认知域作战。精准对敌指挥决策层实施认知干扰,诱使其在战略判断、战役筹划、战术行动上连环失误。可运用社交媒体散布虚假信息,发动网络攻击篡改敌情数据,利用人工智能生成深度伪造内容,制造敌内部认知混乱与信任危机,动摇其军心士气。关键在于塑造于我有利的战场舆论态势和心理优势,于无形中削弱敌作战意志,为军事行动创造有利战机。 战术诱敌:以利动敌,创造决胜战机。“兵者,诡道也”。面对赵括的倾力出击,白起未急于决战,而是采取“以退为进”之策。秦军先以部分兵力接战,佯装不敌败退,骄纵赵括轻敌之心,诱使其主力脱离预设阵地和有利地形,不断深入。此战术虽付出局部兵力损失,却赢得全局战略主动,成功将赵军引入预设的袋形包围地域。秦军随即依托有利地形和预设阵地,完成对赵军主力的合围,使其陷入绝境。 信息化智能化战场态势瞬息万变,力量多元复杂,要求指挥员具备超常的战术灵活性与战场机动力。应充分运用大数据分析、人工智能算法和全域实时感知能力,辅助指挥员快速洞悉战场全貌,精准预判敌行动意图,大幅缩短“观察—判断—决策—行动”作战周期。强化指挥员在复杂多变环境中的临机决断能力,敢于在战术层面主动示弱、局部放弃,以换取战略全局的主动与决定性战机的创造。建立分布式、自适应、强韧性的指挥控制体系与跨域协同机制,确保各作战单元能深刻理解意图、自主灵活行动、紧密高效协同,在动态对抗中捕捉稍纵即逝的战机,以最小代价达成最大战果。 分割围敌:裂阵破势,肢解敌作战体系。针对赵括急于求胜的心理,白起实施“诱敌深入、分割围歼”方略。在成功诱敌深入后,迅即投入两支精锐骑兵快速穿插,一举切断赵军退路。同时,另遣五千精骑迅猛突入赵军纵深,将其主力拦腰斩断、分割孤立,致其首尾难顾。这种精准的分割,使秦军得以在关键局部形成绝对优势兵力。随后,秦军主力依托有利地形构筑严密包围圈,将赵军合围于长平谷地,最终迫使其粮尽援绝,全军覆没。 现代战争的“分割围歼”,已从传统物理空间拓展至电磁频谱、网络空间、认知领域等多维全域。“分割”不仅是地理隔绝,更是对敌指挥体系、作战网络、关键节点和作战单元间联系的“断链”。通过干扰压制、网络攻击、认知欺骗等手段,断敌指挥链路使其成为“聋子”“瞎子”,瘫敌通信网络使其陷入“信息孤岛”,毁敌数据融合使其失去“体系联动”。运用无人作战集群、智能弹药与先进指挥信息系统,对敌要害节点实施精准点穴式打击与体系性割裂。利用天基侦察、电子侦测与网空监控,实时感知并有效拦阻敌增援力量。实施多域联合协同作战,构建陆海空天电网一体化的立体封锁控扼体系,陷敌于“插翅难飞”之境。关键在于从体系对抗视角精准识别敌作战链条的“七寸”,以全域联动力量实施断链破网,将敌完整体系肢解为互不关联的碎片,实现分而歼之。 断链瘫敌:釜底抽薪,摧毁敌持续战力。“军无辎重则亡”。长平之战后期,秦军在完成分割合围后,迅即聚焦于瘫痪赵军生命线。不仅彻底切断被围赵军主力与后方营垒的联系,更依托地形构筑多重防线,严密封锁赵军粮道和补给通道。这种“断敌归路、绝其粮道”的致命一击,使四十余万赵军彻底陷入孤立无援之境,军心瓦解,士气崩溃,在断粮多日后被迫投降。 现代后勤保障体系高度复杂,涵盖物资补给、装备维修、能源供应、卫勤救护、信息支撑等,是维系作战体系运转的生命线,亦是战时双方打击的重心。必须加速推进后勤保障智能化转型,运用物联网、大数据、人工智能等技术,提升我后勤体系的精确感知、实时响应、动态优化和智能决策水平,构建高效、韧性强、适应性好的现代化保障体系。同时,要善于运用侦察卫星、无人机蜂群、远程精确制导武器等先进手段,全时域监控、全链路打击敌后勤保障体系。重点封锁摧毁敌运输通道、补给枢纽、能源设施、维修基地等关键节点,精确瘫痪其保障链条。通过釜底抽薪,使敌作战力量在丧失持续保障后迅速衰竭,摧毁其长期作战能力,为最终决胜创造决定性条件。 长平之战的硝烟虽已散去,但其蕴含的“谋势制胜”智慧穿越时空,熠熠生辉。我们更需深刻领悟“谋定而后动、塑势以破局”的战争哲学,将传统谋略智慧与信息化智能化战争特点规律相结合,不断创新战法训法,锤炼指挥艺术,提升联合全域作战能力,确保在未来战场上能够运筹帷幄、谋势制胜。

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PLA Daily authors Che Dongwei and Yang Fei use the 260 BC Battle of Changping as a doctrinal frame to articulate four operational concepts — 示形惑敌 (feigning dispositions to deceive), 战术诱敌 (tactical luring), 分割围敌 (splitting and encircling), and 断链瘫敌 (severing the chain to paralyze) — and map each directly onto informatized and intelligentized warfare, including cognitive domain operations, AI-generated deepfakes, electromagnetic severing, and precision strikes on logistics nodes. The article documents how PLA professional military education media translates classical Chinese strategic thought into concrete multi-domain operational prescriptions, a pattern that extends a well-established genre but here places unusual explicit emphasis on cognitive domain manipulation — social media disinformation, cyberattack-enabled data tampering, and AI deepfakes — as the opening phase of any campaign to break a strategic stalemate. What remains unknown is whether this framing reflects an authoritative doctrinal update or represents the authors' own synthesis.

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Source text. CMC Political Work Department. "长平之战的谋势之道:谋定而后动 塑势以破局." PLA Daily (解放军报), 2026-05-07. http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16459108.html.

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