Source record CMC Political Work Department · 2026-07-13

欧洲多国推动对日军工合作

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Desk	China Desk
Publishing institution	CMC Political Work Department
Source outlet	PLA Daily (解放军报) (pla_daily)
Source language	zh-Hans — an attribute of the source, not of this record
Source-stated publication date	2026-07-13
Original URL	http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16473327.html
Collected at	2026-07-13 15:20:33 — collection metadata, not a publication time
Content fingerprint	b4a0803e14ee65c1ca9a0febd7b6b1a7066c0f8c11a48dba91c5fce52b397112 — taken when the record was captured, over the stored original title and text
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英意日三国签署46亿英镑协议推进“全球作战空中计划”（GCAP）项目，德国邀请日本正式加入“欧洲无人机”项目，川崎重工与空客宣布合作开发防卫用无人机，莱茵金属计划在日本设立首个军工生产基地……短短数月间，欧洲多国与日本在军工领域的合作快速升级。相关项目看似是常规的产业往来，实则凸显出欧洲军工在“战略自主”口号下屡屡碰壁后的焦虑。表面看，欧洲多国推动对日军工合作确有其现实契合点。日本在精密制造、材料科学、传感器等领域拥有一定优势。川崎重工基于P-1反潜机积累的技术经验可为“欧洲无人机”提供长航时反潜能力，三菱重工在GCAP项目中承担机身结构研制与整体综合设计，在欧洲军工寻求多元化布局的背景下，日本相关企业顺理成章成为可选合作伙伴。更深层的原因在于欧洲军工产业面临的现实困境。欧洲无人机项目启动10年，推进缓慢，有消息称法国已有意退出。法德西联合推进的下一代有人战机研发项目已事实上解体。GCAP项目由此成为欧洲范围内唯一仍在推进的多国六代机项目，但英国防务经费严重不足。“拉拢”日本，是一种迫不得已的成本分摊与风险分散措施。俄乌冲突延宕4年有余，欧洲军工产能不足及部分元器件受制于人的缺陷已然暴露无遗。美国军工企业交付缓慢、定价强势，叠加跨大西洋关系转变，都促使欧洲决心强化自身的军工产业。在此背景下，具备一定现代工业基础的日本与韩国就成为欧洲实现军工自主的“关键拼图”。其中，韩国已通过弹药出口成为新兴力量，而日本则是尚待发掘的对象。欧洲要的不仅是技术互补，更是供应链备份。日本也有着自己的“算盘”。通过参与GCAP、“欧洲无人机”等项目，三菱重工、川崎重工等企业得以更好嵌入国际军工供应链，既能拓宽相关企业的市场、提振低迷的经济，又能借欧洲国家的支持为其“再军事化”提供外部合法性。2026年4月，就在北约30个成员国大使集体到访后不久，日本即宣布修订“防卫装备转移三原则”，实质性放宽了杀伤性武器成品的出口限制，在扩军备武的邪路上加速狂奔。更值得警惕的是，合作路径若打通，其外溢效应将迅速显现。GCAP项目中，三方采用股权对等结构，规避了单一国家主导导致项目瓦解的陷阱，为后续合作提供范本。波兰、瑞典、乌克兰等国也在与日本接触，推动军工合作。日本还申请加入北约“防务创新加速器”计划。日欧军工合作涵盖供应链、联合研发、标准互认等方面，一旦成型，后续解耦成本将极为高昂。欧日防务合作不会停在装备层面。欧洲意在引入日本对冲美俄两端压力；日本则借机松绑，满足扩军野心。这种合流无疑会对地区和平稳定造成冲击。此外，无论欧洲还是日本，其军工体系仍深度依赖美国，这段跨越欧亚的军工“联姻”，最终走向仍有待观察。

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Source text. CMC Political Work Department. "欧洲多国推动对日军工合作." PLA Daily (解放军报), 2026-07-13. http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16473327.html.

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