Source record CMC Political Work Department · 2026-06-03

大洋之中，潜艇如何“隐蔽前行”

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Desk	China Desk
Publishing institution	CMC Political Work Department
Source outlet	PLA Daily (解放军报) (pla_daily)
Source language	zh-Hans — an attribute of the source, not of this record
Source-stated publication date	2026-06-03
Original URL	http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16465222.html
Collected at	2026-06-03 17:27:38 — collection metadata, not a publication time
Content fingerprint	ddb9186207bc3e20d0779714aeb40c01b1ef28ae22fdb27b33257ebc092dc04c — taken when the record was captured, over the stored original title and text
Collection run	46

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深海漆黑如墨，一艘核潜艇悄然潜行。作为国家战略威慑的核心力量，它的生存命脉却系于毫厘之间——敌方声呐捕捉到的一个微小回波，就可能让这艘“深海幽灵”陷入险境。在声呐技术高度发达的今天，潜艇隐蔽前行的核心密码之一，就藏在艇体表面那层看似不起眼的消声瓦中。消声瓦技术始于二战，面对日益严峻的水下探测威胁，各国开始尝试为潜艇披上简易“外衣”——使用沥青、橡胶等材料混合制成的吸声涂层。这些早期尝试虽能吸收部分高频声呐信号，但对低频探测几乎无效；同时，它们粘接强度不足、耐腐蚀性较差，在深海高压环境下极易脱落，加之高盐度海水侵蚀，整体寿命极短。这些实际难题，倒逼科研人员锚定“宽频高效吸声”与“深海环境长效稳定”两大核心方向，开启了消声瓦技术的迭代升级之路。冷战时期，各国将潜艇静音性能提升至战略高度，加之材料科学的重大突破，推动消声瓦技术实现质的飞跃。聚氨酯、丁基橡胶等高分子弹性体取代原始的沥青橡胶混合物，具备优异的弹性、耐水性和抗老化性能。工程师在材料基体中精密嵌入无数微型空腔、气泡及特殊金属或陶瓷粒子，声波进入后会在空腔内反复振荡消耗能量，或与填料粒子摩擦转化为热能消散，实现对中高频声波的有效吸收。与此同时，新型特种粘接剂能够承受深海高压、高盐度腐蚀和温度剧变，让消声瓦与艇体牢固结合。这一时期，新型消声瓦开始批量列装，为多国新型潜艇的水下隐蔽性实现了质的跃升。进入21世纪，消声瓦技术从单一材料优化迈入结构化设计的新阶段。面对声呐技术不断向低频化、多维化、网络化发展的挑战，潜艇设计师们不再局限于材料性能提升，转而在几何构型上寻求突破。他们普遍采用模块化、标准化设计，既便于工业化批量生产，也大幅降低了战场维修保障难度。消声瓦表面被设计出锥台、空腔、沟槽等复杂结构，利用声波散射、干涉相消、阻抗渐变等物理原理，显著提升吸声效率，尤其是强化了对低频声波的对抗能力。部分先进设计还实现“一瓦多能”，流线型表面能够减少水下航行阻力，抑制湍流噪声。融合了结构创新与材料优势的特色消声瓦系统，也在多型潜艇上得到广泛应用。水下探测与隐身的“矛”“盾”较量永无止境。当前，消声瓦技术仍面临诸多挑战，极低频主动声呐对抗、深海极端环境下的长期可靠性、海洋生物附着等问题，仍是各国军工科研持续攻坚的重点。随着新材料、新工艺持续落地，相关技术短板正逐步补齐，消声瓦正朝着全频段吸声、多功能集成、高可靠长寿命方向持续演进，为深海潜艇锻造出更加强韧的隐身防护。

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Source text. CMC Political Work Department. "大洋之中，潜艇如何“隐蔽前行”." PLA Daily (解放军报), 2026-06-03. http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16465222.html.

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